Image Classification Dataset

English Version pytorch
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https://d2l.ai/chapter_linear-classification/image-classification-dataset.html

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I have tested that num_workers parameter in torch DataLoader does work. By selecting num_workers=4 reduce the read time to half.

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  1. batch size = 1, stochastic gradient descent (SGD)
    batch size = 256, mini-batch gradient descent (MBGD)
    Because using GPU to parallel read data, so MBGD is quicker.
    Reducing the batch_size will make overall read performance slower.
    :face_with_monocle:Does my guess right?
  2. Iā€™m a Windows user. Try it next time!
  3. https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/torchvision/datasets.html

Datasets:

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I suggest using %%timeit -r1, which is a built-in function in Jupyter, instead of the d2l timer.

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%%time is better. One time is enough :grinning:

1 Like
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Hi friends,
I dont understand resize argument.
I cant show images after resize.

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image
image1668Ɨ305 43 KB

image
image1710Ɨ876 96.8 KB

Read again.

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@StevenJokess you need to change the arguments when calling show_images() method according to your chosen batch_size and resize arguments in load_data_fashion_mnist() method

something like this
show_images(X.reshape(32, 64, 64), 2, 9, scale=1.5, titles=get_fashion_mnist_labels(y))

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For q1, I donā€™t think SGD or MSGD would affect the performance of reading dataset, since it has nothing to do with updating params.
However itā€™s really slower when batch_size is set to 1 to read data. May the I/O limitation of data reading is the reason of difference?

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image
image1924Ɨ772 146 KB

In PyTorch, when loading the dataset, there is a warning. I find I canā€™t use the dataset.
when running ā€œmnist_train[0][0].shapeā€ would give an error:
TypeError: array() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given

How to solve this?::pensive:

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å‚č€ƒhttps://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42468475/article/details/108714940

X, y = next(iter(data.DataLoader(data.TensorDataset(mnist_train.data, mnist_train.targets), batch_size=18)))
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num_workers=get_dataloader_workers()

What does the num_workers mean here? Does it use CPU or GPU. I got a Runtime Error after setting num_workers >0, i.e. 4. No problem with num_workers = 0

RuntimeError: DataLoader worker (pid 30141) exited unexpectedly with exit code
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https://pytorch.org/vision/stable/datasets.html#fashion-mnist

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Question 1 is about the efficiency of loading data, so it may be better to explain from the computer system instead of something likeā€™min-batch SGDā€™ orā€™SGDā€™. In fact, mini-batch SGD is mainly used to accelerate the training process in parallel in the GPU. (If you have a lot of TPUs, you can even use batch_size = 1 in all data sets)

The following is my brief explanation, it is based on some assumptions, because Iā€™m not familiar with the architecture of Nvidia GPU or TPU

Assuming that the I/O process used by the code only includes ā€œinterruptā€, ā€œDMAā€ and ā€œchannelā€, and there are some buffers for temporary storage.

However, when the buffer is full, any of the above methods must handle ā€œinterrupt processingā€. Processing transfers control from DMA/channel to CPU/GPU/TPU, so I/O is suspended. Setting batch_size smaller will increase the number of hangs, so reducing I/O efficiency.

For more information about I/O, these might be useful

  1. Computer architecture, a quantitative method
  2. Computer Organization and Design, The Hardware and Software Interface
  3. CUDA Programming: A Developerā€™s Guide to Parallel Computing Using GPU
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I got the same problem here. Did you figure out why this would happen?

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Here are my opinions about the exs:

ex.1
If I change the batch_size to 1, then it becomes much more time-consuming(ā€˜105.35 secā€™), compared to set batch_size to 64(ā€˜5.70 secā€™).

data = FashionMNIST(resize=(32, 32), batch_size = 1)
len(data.train), len(data.val)
data.train[0][0].shape

tic = time.time()
for X, y in data.train_dataloader():
    continue
f'{time.time() - tic:.2f} sec'

ex.2
I think the performance depends on the hardware Iā€™m using, like memory size, cpu type, gpu memory sizeā€¦

ex.3
Pytorch official
Or using the code bellow to get a brief introduction.

??torchvision.datasets

And I got a problem here, I iter through the validation set twice, and got same images, why??? :thinking:
(ps: it works well on training set)

@d2l.add_to_class(FashionMNIST)  #@save
def visualize(self, batch, nrows=1, ncols=8, labels=[]):
    X, y = batch
    if not labels:
        labels = self.text_labels(y)
    d2l.show_images(X.squeeze(1), nrows, ncols, titles=labels)
batch = next(iter(data.val_dataloader()))
data.visualize(batch)
batch = next(iter(data.val_dataloader()))
data.visualize(batch)
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my solutions to the exs: 4.2

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If you utilize the windows platform, maybe change the

def get_dataloader_workers(): #@save
return 0 #instead of 4

then itā€™s ok to run